WENYIDUO、DENGJIAXIAN、YANGZHENNING、LIZHENGDAO、WANGXIJI、ZHUZIQING、HUALUOGENG、CHENYINKE、QIANMU、FEIXIAOTONG、XUYUANCHONG……

BASHIERNIANQIANDEZHONGGUO，CENGYOUYISUODAXUEJIANGZHEXIEMINGZILIANJIEZAIYIQI——XINANLIANDA。

ZHUZAI40RENNANSHENGSUSHEDEYANGZHENNINGCENGHUIYI：LIANDADEDIMIANSHINITUYACHENGDE，YIXIEJIAOSHIHETUSHUGUANCHUANGHUMEIBOLI，FENGCHUISHIBIXUYONGDONGXIBAZHIYAZHU，FOUZEJIUHUICHUIDIAO。

“ZAILIANDASHITANGQIANGFAN，DIYIWANBUYAOSHENGDETAIMAN，YIDINGYAOSHENGBANMAN，ZHEYANGCHIWANLECAIYOUJIHUIQUSHENGDIERWAN。”

ZAIXINANLIANDADUGUOQINGCHUNSUIYUESHI，TAMENHUANBUSHIDASHI。

遷徙

XINANLIANDADEXIAOGEDIYIJUSHI：“WANLICHANGZHENG，CIQUELEWUCHAOGONGQUE。”ZHISHI，ZHECHANGCHANGZHENGMEIYOUJUNREN，DOUSHIXIELAOSHIXUESHENG。

1937NIAN7YUE，LUGOUQIAOSHIBIANBAOFA，RIJUNZHANLINGLEBEIPING。BEIDAWENXUEYUANDIXIASHILIDEKANGRIWENJIANBEISOUCHA，DANGSHIJIUYOULIANGWEIJIAOSHOUBEIDAIBU，WUWEITONGXUEZAODAOLEKAODA、GUANSHUI，BEIDAWENXUEYUANLUNWEIKONGBUDILAO。

JIEZHU，NANKAIDAXUEZAOYUFEIJI、DAPAOLIANXUHONGZHA，SANFENZHIERDEXIAOSHEHUIYUYIDAN，JIAOXUEYIQIJINSHUBEIHUI。

< BEIZHADENANKAIDAXUESIYUANTANG >

85SUIDESHIRENCHENSANLIBEITANDAO：“CANGTIANHEYIRUCIDUIZHONGGUOYE？”CONGCIJUJUEFUYAO，JUESHIWUTIAN。SHIBIANHOULIANGYUE，HANHENCHANGMIAN。

ZAIFUQINCHENSANLIDEZANGLISHANG，CHENYINKEDUIQIANLAIDIAOYANDEQINGHUATONGSHIWUMISHUO，RIBENRENYIJINGFALAIYAOQINGHAN，YAOTAQURIBENSHIGUANFUYAN。

< CHENSANLIYIJIA，ZUOYIWEICHENYINKE >

WEILEMIANYURIBENRENDEXIEPO，CHENYINKEBIXUJINKUAILIKAIBEIPING。PIANPIANZAIZHESHI，TADEYOUYANQIUSHIWANGMOBOLI，YISHENGDINGZHUTABIXUJIKERUYUANSHOUSHU。

CHENYINKEHEQIZISHANGLIANGGUOHOU，JUEDINGFANGQIYOUYAN，GENSUIQINGHUAYITONGNANDU。

QINGHUAYUANNEI，HUANYOUYIWEIJIAOWENYIDUODEJIAOSHOU，YEZHENGMIANLINLIANGNANXUANZE。WENYIDUOFUFUCISHIZHENGFENJULIANGDI，YOUXIAOXISHUOZHECHANGZHANGWEIBIHUIDAHENJIU，JIARENMENBUXIWANGWENYIDUOYUANZOU。

TASICUNZAISAN，GEIQIZIXIEXINSHUO：“YUJIADEHUA，DANGRANHUANHEXIALAI，WOJIUBUYONGZOULE；DANSHIYUGUOLAISHUO，HUANHELEBUJIANDESHIHAOXIAOXI。HUANHELEJIUSHIBUDIKANG，BUDALE。”

1937NIAN8YUE，JIAOYUBUJUEDING，YOUGUOLIQINGHUADAXUE、BEIJINGDAXUE、SILINANKAIDAXUEZUCHENGCHANGSHALINSHIDAXUE，QIANWANGCHANGSHA。XIAOXIYIDINGXIALAI，WENYIDUOJIUSHANGLULE。

ZAICHEZHAN，ZANGKEJIAYUJIANTA，WEN：“NINEIMEDUOSHU，DOUZENMEBANLE？”WENYIDUOHUIDATA：“DAPIANDAPIANGUOTUDOUDIUDIAOLE，JIBENSHUSUANSHENME？”

< WENYIDUODEJIATING >

BEIDA、QINGHUAHENANKAIDEQIANYIBUSHIDANGSHIDETEYOUXIANXIANG。ZHANZHENGMANYANDAOHUABEIDADI，YISUOSUOXUEXIAODOUQIANWANGNEIDI。

YUANBENBUTONGDEJISUOXUEXIAO“LIAN”ZAIYIQI，NANMIANYOUGEZHONGMAODUN，LINGYISUOBIJIAOYOUMINGDEXIBEILIANDA，YINIANJIUSANHUOLE。BEIDAFAXUEYUANYUANCHANGZHOUBINGLINQUEDADANYUCE：“ZHESANGEXUEXIAO（QINGHUA、BEIDA、NANKAI）HUIHEZUODEHENHAO。YINWEISANGEXUEXIAODEJIAOZHIYUANGONG、LINGDAODOUSHIJUNZI。”

JIANGMENGLIN、ZHANGBOLING、MEIYIQISANWEIXIAOCHANGSHISANXIAOCHENGGONGLIANHEDEGUANJIAN。

NANKAIDAXUEXIAOCHANGZHANGBOLINGBUCHANGZAIXUEXIAO，ZAIYICIDUIXUESHENGDEJIANGHUAZHONG，TACAOZHUTIANJINQIANGSHUO：“JIANGMENGLINXIANSHENGSHIWOZUIHAODEPENGYOU。WOYOUYIGEBIAO，WOGEITADAIZHU，TAJIUSHIWODEDAIBIAO（DAIBIAO）。”BEIDAXIAOCHANGJIANGMENGLINZEDUIQINGHUAXIAOCHANGMEIYIQISHUO：“WOMENSANGERENZHONGNIZUINIANQING，NIYAODUODANDANG。”

< ZUOQI：JIANGMENGLIN、MEIYIQI、ZHANGBOLING >

1937NIAN11YUE1RI，CHANGSHALINSHIDAXUEKAIXUE，SHISHENGWUXIAJUBANYISHI，QUEYOURIBENFEIJI“QIANLAIBIAODAJINGYI”。SUIHOUNANJINGXIANLUO，DIJUNZHIRUCHANGJIANGXINZANGDIDAI。SHANGYUANPAODAOLELILINSHIDAXUEBUYUANDEHUOCHEZHAN，CHEZHANCHENGWEIRIJUNHONGZHADEMUBIAO。

JINGBAOPINQIDECHANGSHA，YIRONGBUXIAYIZHANGANJINGDEKEZHUO。

1938NIANCHU，XUEXIAOZAIQIANKUNMING，GAICHENGGUOLIXINANLIANHEDAXUE。

< XINANLIANDAXIAOQI >

WANGKUNMINGSANTIAOLUXIAN：JINGXIANGGANG；GUOYUNLING；ZOUXIANGQIAN。AIGUOXUESHENGXINGFENDISHENQINGZOUBUXINGLUXIAN，XIWANGZAIYIQIANYINGLIDECHANGTUBASHEZHONG，LINGLVEZUGUOBIANYUANDIQUDEHESHAN，JIANGKANGRISIXIANGCHUANDADAOQUNZHONGZHONG。

JIARUBUXINGTUAN，TIZHONGYAODADAOBIAOZHUN。YIXIESHOURUODENANSHENGWEIDADAOYAOQIU，ZAIYIFUXIATOUTOUSAISHUQIDAIGUOGUAN。ZUIHOUBUXINGTUANJIJIELE244WEITONGXUE，YOU11WEIJIAOSHOUDAIDUI。

YILUSHANG，TAMENCHANGJIENONGJIAMAOSHE，SHICHANGYUZHUNIUTONGWU，YUXUEJIAOJIASHIYIYOUBUBIYU。GENGBUYONGTIZAOYUTUFEI。BUXINGTUANLISHILIUSHIBATIAN，DIDAKUNMING。

< XIANGQIANDIANLVXINGTUAN >

CISHI，BEIDAZHEXUEXIZHURENDENGYIZHEYOUYUSHENHUANFEIBING，KEXUEBUZHI，HEQUANJIAYIZHIZHILIUZAILEBEIPING。RIBENRENCHANGCHANGBIZHUGUORENWEITAMENZHANLINGZHONGGUOCHENGZHENKAIQINGZHUHUI。HUISHANG，DENGYIZHEDEERZIDENGJIAXIANJIANGSHOUZHONGDERIBENGUOQICHESUI，RENGZAIDISHANG。

NEISHIDEDENGJIAXIAN，HUANZHISHIGEDUGAOERDEZHONGXUESHENG。ZHONGXUEXIAOCHANGTINGSHUOSIQISHIJIANHOU，LIANYEDAODENGYIZHEDEJIAZHONG，ZHUFUTA：“DENGJIAXIANDESHI，ZAOWANHUIBEIRENGAOMI。NIKUAIBAHAIZISONGZOUBA。”

ZAISONGBIEERZISHI，DENGYIZHESHUOLEYIJUHUA：“ER，NIYAOXUEKEXUE，KEXUEDUIGUOJIAYOUYONG。”SUIHOUDENGJIAXIANZHANZHUANLAIDAOKUNMING，1941NIANKAORULEXINANLIANDAWULIXI。

< DENGJIAXIANLVLIPIAN >

YANGZHENNINGHOULAIXIEDAO：“DENGJIAXIANDEYISHENGSHIYOUFANGXIANGDE，YOUYISHIDIQIANJINDE。MEIYOUPANGHUANG，MEIYOUMAODUN。”

HUOXUZHEYIQIE，LAIYUANYUDENGYIZHEDEJIAJIAO。LIUZAIBEIJINGDEDENGYIZHEXIANSHENG，MEIYOUDAORIWEIDEXUEXIAOQURENJIAO，KAOBIANMAIGUDONGWEISHENG，YIZHIJIANCHIDAOKANGZHANSHENGLI。SHIFUQINDEZHIXIANG，ZHICHENGDENGJIAXIANCHENGWEI“LIANGDANYIXING”YUANXUN。

苦與樂

LIANDAQUNTIDIDASHI，ZHENGGEKUNMINGNENGZHAODAODEDAERJIANGUDECHANGSUOZHIYOULIANGCHU，WEN、FAXUEYUANDESHISHENGZHINENGQIANWANGBIANJINGCHENGSHIZANZHU。

ZHIDAOLIANGSICHENG、LINHUIYINFUFUERRENQIANWANGKUNMING，XIUJIANXIAOSHECAITISHANGLERICHENG。MEIYIQIXIAOCHANGPINQINGLIANGLINKANGLIWEIJIANZHUGONGCHENGGUWEN，LIANGRENXINRANSHOUMING。YIGEYUEHOU，LIANGRENNACHUYITAOYILIUXIANDAIHUAXIAOSHEFANGAN。

YOUYUJINGFEIYOUXIAN，ZHEGESHEJIFANGANHENKUAIBEIFOUDINGLE。ZHIHOUDEFANGAN，ZESHIGAOLOUGAICHENGAILOU，AILOUGAICHENGPINGFANG，ZHUANQIANGBIANCHENGTUQIANG，ZUIHOUBIANCHENGLEMAOCAOFANG。

< LINHUIYINHELIANGSICHENG >

LIANGSICHENGXINTONGDIDUIMEIXIAOCHANGSHUO：“NIZHIBUZHIDAONONGMINGAIYICHUANGMAOCAOFANGYAODUOSHAOMULIAO？NIGEIDEMULIAOLIANGAIYICHUANGBIAOZHUNDEMAOCAOFANGDOUBUGOU!”

XUESHENGMENFANHUIKUNMINGHOU，JIUZHEYANGRUZHULEMAOCAOFANGSUSHE。ZHUGUANGYAHUIYIQIZHEDUANRIZI，SHUO：“SUSHESHIMAOCAOWU，GAOBUHAOJIULOULE，HOULAIJIUNAPENJIELOUDEYUSHUI。JIAOSHIDEWUDINGSHIMAKOUTIEZUODE，BISUSHEHAOXIE，DANSHIYEYOUWENTI，XIAYULE，DINGDINGDONGDONG，SHANGMIANJIUXIANGLE。”

YICI，JINGJIXIJIAOSHOUCHENDAISUNXIANSHENGSHANGKESHI，YINYUSHENGTAIDA，XUESHENGGENBENTINGBUDAOTADESHENGYIN。CHENJIAOSHOUWUNAIDIZAIHEIBANSHANGXIELE“JINGZUOTINGYU”JIGEZI。

SHISHENGXIAOCHENG：“ZHENGSUOWEI‘FENGSHENGYUSHENGDUSHUSHENG，SHENGSHENGRUER’”。

< 《WUWENXIDONG》JUZHAO >

JIAOSHOUMENDEZHUSUOYEBUBIXUESHENGHAODUOSHAO。YOUJIWEIRUFEIXIAOTONG、HUALUOGENG，ZHUZAINONGMINMENYONGLAIYANGZHU、NIUDELOUSHANG，TIAOZAOHENDUO，HUOHUOSHIYICHU《LOUSHIMING》。

FENGYOULANZHUDEXIANGXIAFANGZIMEIYOUDIANDENG，ZHINENGYONGMEIYOUDENG。YOUYIZHENYINWEIJINYUN，MEIYOUDENGYEYONGBULE。TAZHIHAOZIZHICAIYOUDENG，YONGYIGEXIAOCAIDIE，ZHUANGSHANGCAIYOU，JIASHANGDENGCAO。

馮先生晚上經常寫作幾個小時，菜油熏得臉上一塊塊地黑，大家看了又好笑又心酸。就是在那樣艱苦的環境下，他完成了《貞元六書》，書的序中他寫下那句張載的名言：“為天地立心，為生民立命，為往圣繼絕學，為萬世開太平”。

< 《ZHENYUANLIUSHU》 >

WENYIDUOXIANSHENGZUICHUDEZHUSUOYEHENYONGJI，HOULAIKUNHUAZHONGXUETENGCHULEYIJIANKUANCHUODEFANGZIGEIWENXIANSHENGYIJIAZHU，WENYIDUOJIUWEIKUNHUAZHONGXUEJIANGKEHEPIGAIZUOYEBAODAENQING。

KUNMINGRENHENJINGZHONGZHEPIZHISHIFENZI，JIAOSHOUFENGZHIZAIHUIYILUZHONGXIEDAO：“WOZAIKUNMINGBANGUOJICIJIA，MEIJIAFANGZHUREN，NANDECHANGSHUO：‘WOMENSHIJIAOPENGYOU，BUZAIHUZHEDIANFANGZU’，NVDEZHANZAIPANGBIANSHUO：‘HUANBUSHIYINWEIKANGZHAN，NIMENCAIDAOKUNMINGLAI，PINGRIWOMENSHIQINGYEQINGBULAIDE。’”

YOULEZHUCHU，SHENGHUOYIJIUJIANNAN。

WULIXIJIAOSHOUZHAOZHONGYAOJIAZHONGYOUSANGEHAIZIXUYAOFUYANG，MEIYOUBANFA，TAZHINENGZAIJIALIZUOFEIZAOMAIGEIHUAGONGCHANG。WUDAYOUWEILEGEIQIZIZHIBING，DAOCAISHICHANGJIANNIUGU。XIAOMENKOUYOUGEMAIDAWANCHADETANZI，XUESHENGHEJIAOGONGDOUCHANGQUGUANGGU，JINGGUODELURENBUZHIDAO，ZHEWEITANZHUJIUSHIZHIMINGJIAOSHOUFEIXIAOTONG。

1939NIANHOU，TONGHUOPENGZHANGJIAJU，LIANDADEJIAOSHOUFURENMENYEWEILESHENGJISHANGTOULENAOJIN。MEIYIQIDEFURENHANYONGHUAYUYUANFULIDEFUREN，XUEZUOLEYIZHONGSHANGHAIDEGAODIAN“DINGSHENGGAO”。

HANYONGHUAMEITIANBUXINGSISHIFENZHONG，JIANGGAODIANNADAOGUANSHENGYUANQUMAI。LUZOUDEDUOLE，XIEWAYOUBUHEJIAO，YOUYICITADEJIAOPOPIGANRANLE，XIAOTUIQUANZHONGQILAI。

< XIAOCHANGMEIYIQIYUFURENHANYONGHUA >

HOULAILIANDADEJIAOSHOUMENPINCHANGHOU，JIANYIBAZHEGAOCHENGWEI“DINGSHENGGAO”。“LIANXIAOCHANGFURENDOUZUOGAOLE，KANGZHANYIDINGHUISHENGLI。”

學之風

KULECANBANDESHENGHUOLI，LIANDASHISHENGKAICHUANGLEYIZHONGZIYOUERYANJINDEXUEFENG。

“JIUXIESHIREN”ZHIYIDEZHENGMINNVSHIHUIYI，XINANLIANDAHENZHUYIXUEKEDEXITONGHUA，MEIGEXUESHENGDOUYAODUZHONGGUODETONGSHI。MEIYIGEWENXUEYUANDEXUESHENGDOUYAOZHANGWOLISHI，ZHEYANGZUOWENKECAIYOUYIGEZHANJIAODEDIFANG。

GONGXUEYUANZEMEIXINGQIDOUYOUYIGEXIAWUDAOGONGCHANGSHIXI，ZHIMOFANSHA、DATIELIANGANG，DOUDEZIJIDONGSHOU。JIAOJIXIEXUEDELIUXIANZHOUXIANSHENG，CENGGEIWANGXIJILIUXIAYIGEPOWEISHENKEDEJIYI。

YOUYICI，LIUXIANZHOUCHUYIGEKAOSHITIMU，YAOQIUCHUXIEYAOQIUZHUNQUEDAOXIAOSHUDIANXIASANWEI。WANGXIJIKANDAOLEZHEDAOTI，SILUHENQINGXIDIDALEXIALAI，JIUSHIMEIZHUYIXIAOSHUDIANHOUSANWEIDEYAOQIU。KAOSHIJIEGUOXIALAI，TADELELINGDAN。

ZHEGESHIQINGGEILEWANGXIJIHENDADEDAJI，ZHIHOUTAZUOSHIQINGDOUYAORENZHENDAOJIZHI，KEYISHUO“MEIYOUZUOTIANDELINGDAN，JIUMEIYOUJINTIANDEDAODAN。”

< WANGXIJIZAIWEIXINGZONGZHUANGXIANCHANG >

ZAILIANDA，JIAOSHOUZHIXUE，JIANGSHENME，ZENMEJIANG，QUANYOUZIJIZHANGWO。

HEZHAOWUSHANGERNIANJIDESHIHOU，DIYIJIEZHENGZHIXUEGAILUN，MEIGUOHUILAIDENIANQINGLAOSHIZHOUSHIQIUWENTAMEN：“SHENMESHIZHENGZHIXUE？”

XUESHENGMENXINSUNZHONGSHANDEJINGDIANDINGYI：ZHENGZHE，ZHONGRENZHISHI；ZHIZHE，GUANLI。ZHOUSHIQIUYISHANGLAIJIUSHUO：“ZHEGEDINGYISHIWANQUANCUOWUDE。NIMENZAISHITANGCHIFAN，YOURENGUANHUOSHIZHANG。NIMENJIESHU，YOURENJIESHUTIAO。ZHEXIEDOUSHIZHONGRENZHISHI，NIMENNENGSHUOZHESHIZHENGZHIMA？”

HUSHIZAIFENGYOULANDEKETANGSHANGYEBEIPIPINGGUO：“HUSHIDAOERQINIANJIUWANLE，YIHOUZAIMEIYOUDONGXILE，YEMEIQIDUODADEZUOYONG。”

SHENCONGWENDEZHONGGUOXIAOSHUOSHIKETANGSHANG，TADALITUICHONG《JINPINGMEI》。ZAIGUOQU，《JINPINGMEI》BEIDANGZUOYINSHU，YIZHIDAOMINGUOHOUDOUBEIJINZHI，KESHISHENCONGWENRENWEICISHUDUIRENQINGSHITAIXIEDEFEICHANGZHISHENKE，BINGBULIHUINEIXIEWAIJIEDEJIAOTIAO。

YOUYIWEICENGZAILIANDARENJIAODEZUOJIAJIAOSHOUZAIMEIGUOJIANGXUE。MEIGUORENWENTA：XINANLIANDABANIAN，SHEBEITIAOJIANNEIYANGCHA，JIAOSHOU、XUESHENGSHENGHUONEIYANGKU，WEISHENMENENGCHUNEIYANGDUODERENCAI？ZHEWEIZUOJIAHUIDALELIANGGEZI：ZIYOU。

< SHENCONGWENHEXUESHENGWANGCENGQI >

GAODUDEJIAOXUEZIYOUZHIXIA，XUESHENGSILUKAIKUOLE，YEHUIXINGCHENGZIJIDEPANDUAN，SHENZHIKEYIGONGKAIFANDUILAOSHIDEGUANDIAN。

YICISHUXUEXIKAOSHI，YOUYIWEITONGXUEYONGLEYIZHONGXINDEFANGFA，KESHISHUXUEXIZHURENYANGWUZHIRENWEITAZUOCUOLE。ZHEGETONGXUEHENJIAOZHEN，ZAIXIAOYUANLITIELEYIZHANGXIAOZIBAO，SHUOTAQUZHAOYANGWUZHI，BAZAZHISHANGDEXINJIEFANAGEITAKAN，RENWEIZIJIZUODEMEIYOUCUO。HOULAIYANGWUZHIHENBUHAOYISI，YINBINGQINGCIXIZHURENZHIWU。

KUNMINGDAXIMENWAIDEFENGZHUJIE，YECHANGCHANGCHUANLAIXUESHUTAOLUNDESHENGYIN。

NEILIYOUJISHIJIANCHAGUAN，DIANJIAMENZHAOGULIANDADEXUESHENG，ZHIXIANGZHENGXINGSHOUYIDIANQIAN，XUESHENGMENKEYIZAINEICONGZAOZUODAOWAN。LIZHENGDAOSHUO：“WOMENCHANGCHANGSHUOSHANGGESHIJIBALIDEKAFEIGUANJUJILEWENXUEJIAHEYISHUJIA，DANGNIANKUNMINGDECHAGUANFENGQIYESHIYIYANG。”

YANGZHENNINGHEHUANGKUNCHANGCHANGDAOCHAGUANQUTAOLUNWULIXUEWENTI。YOUYICIYANGZHENNINGHEHUANGKUNZAILIAOTIAN，HUANGKUNWEN：“AIYINSITANZUIJINYOUFABIAOLEYIPIANWENZHANG，NIKANLEMA？”YANGZHENNINGBASHOUYIBAI，HENBUXIEDEYANGZISHUO：“HAOWUoriginality（CHUANGXIN），SHILAOHUTULEBA。”

YOUSHIYITIAN，YANGZHENNING、HUANGKUN、ZHANGSHOULIAN“SANJIANKE”ZAICHAGUANLIBIANLUNGEBENHAGENDEJIESHIDAODISHIZENMEYIHUISHI。TAMENZAICHAGUANTAOLUNDAOTIANHEI，YOUYILUTAOLUNDAOKUNHUAZHONGXUE。HUISUSHESHIDIANZHONGMIEDENGLE，TAMENYOUDIANLELAZHU，BAWONA·HAISENBAODEYIBENXIAOSHU《LIANGZILIXUEDEYIYI》NACHULAIZAIDUJIDUAN。

HOULAIYANGZHENNINGSHUO：“DANGSHIDEZHISHI，HENDUOSHICONGZIJIDETONGXUENEILIDEDAODE，ERBUSHICONGSHUBENSHANG。”

BUZHIXUESHENGJIANZHEYANG，XUEZHEZHIJIANYEHUXIANGMEIYOUJIDU。ZHUZIQINGYOUSHIHOUJIEWENYIDUO、WANGLIDEWENZHANGLAIKAN，DOUSHIWEIFABIAODEYUANGAO。

JIAOSHOUHUWUJIEXIN，XUESHENGGUANDIANDUDAO，ZISHANGERXIAYANCHUANSHENJIAO。ZHENGGELIANDARUTONGYIGE“ZHISHIGONGTONGTI”。

戰亂

DAOLE1940NIANXIATIAN，XIAOYUANDEPINGJINGCHANGCHANGBEIHONGZHASHENGDAPO。

YOUYIHUI，LISHIXIDELEIHAIZONGXIANSHENGSHANGKE，WENXUESHENG：“WOSHANGCIJIANGDAONALILE？”YIWEIREZHONGJIBIJIDENVXUESHENGFANKAIBENZI，KANLEKAN，SHUO：“NINSHANGCIZUIHOUSHUO：‘XIANZAIYIJINGYOUKONGXIJINGBAO，WOMENXIAKE。’”。

1940NIANXIATIANDAO1941NIANQIUTIAN，RIBENJIHUTIANTIANLAIHONGZHA，LIANDAZAICHENGBIANSHANG，YILAJINGBAODAJIAJIUWANGJIAOWAIPAO。SHISHENGMENCHENGZHIWEI“PAOJINGBAO”。

ZUICANTONGDE1940NIAN10YUE13RI，27JIAFEIJILAIDAOKUNMINGSHANGKONG。WAIWENXIZHURENWUMIZAIRIJIZHONGXIEDAO：7:00SHIZHIBEIZHAQUWEIWENLINJIEYIDAI，YUNDAJILIANDASHIYUANYIQUANHUI，WENHUAXIANGZHUZHAIWUYIXINGCUNZHE。

HEZHAOWUJIDE，“NEITIANHUILAIYIHOUXIAOYUANLIDAOCHUDOUSHIHUICHEN，JIUKANJIANJIANGMENGLINXIAOCHANG——PINGSHITAHENSHAOLUMIANDE——ZUOZAITUSHUGUANMENQIANDEDISHANG，YIFUWUNAIDEYANGZI。”

JIUSHIZAI1940NIANRIKOUMIJIHONGZHADERIZILI，JIAOSHOUFEIXIAOTONGDENVERCHUSHENGLE。“WODEFURENNAIBUGOU，NIUNAIMEIYOUDIFANGMAI，NAIFENYOUMAIBUQI。”FEIXIAOTONGHENQINFENDIXIEWENZHANGZHUANQIAN，YONGGAOFEIMAILEYIGUANNAIFEN。XIAOHAIZIHEWANLEYIZHIKU，YICHANGCAIFAXIANSHIJIANAIFEN。JIUSHIZHEZHONGQINGXINGZHIXIA，FEIXIAOTONGFUFUHUANSHIJIANCHIXIALAILE。

< XINANLIANDAZAORIJIHONGZHA >

WEILEDUOBIHONGZHA，LIANDASHANGKEDESHIJIANYEGAILE，ZHONGWUDESHIJIANKONGLECHULAI。PAOJINGBAODESHIHOUYIGERENFALIANGGEMANTOU，YIGEDATOUCAIXIANCAI。

YOUYICIYANGZHENNINGHEDENGJIAXIANYIQIDUODAOSHANDONGLI，LIANGGERENDAIDEWULIAOJIULANGSONGSHIGE，YANGZHENNINGBEI“YELANWOTINGFENGCHUIYU，TIEMABINGHERUMENGLAI”，DENGJIAXIANBEI“MINGYUESONGJIANZHAO，QINGQUANSHISHANGLIU”。

LIANDATONGXUEYEYOUBUPAOJINGBAODE。YIWEIXINGLUODENVTONGXUE，JINGBAOYILAI，TAJIUXITOU。ZHESHIGUOLUFANGDERESHUIMEIRENYONG，YAODUOSHAOSHUIYOUDUOSHAOSHUI。HUANYOUYIWEIAICHILIANZIDEZHENGTONGXUE，YIYOUJINGBAO，TAJIUYONGYIGEDASHUKOUGANGDAOGUOLUHUOKOUSHANGQUZHULIANZI。

YOUYICIKUNMINGBEIYUAN、NANYUANDOULUOLEZHADAN，ZHEWEIZHENGLAOXIONGTINGZHUZHADANPINGPINGPANGPANGZAIBUYUANDEDIFANGBAOZHA，YIRANZAIXINXIAOSHEDATUSHUGUANPANGDEGUOLUSHANGSHENSEBUDONGDIJIAOTADEBINGTANGLIANZI。

WANGCENGQICHENGZHESHIYIZHONG“RUDAOHUBU”DEJINGSHEN。“WOMENZHEGEMINZU，CHANGQIYILAI，SHENGYUYOUHUAN，YIJINGHEN‘PISHI’LE。MIANDUIRENHECURANERLAIDEZAINAN，DOUNENGFAHUIZHEZHONGJINGSHENDEZHENSUI，JI‘BUZAIHU’。ZHEZHONG‘BUZAIHU’JINGSHEN，SHIYONGYUANZHENGBUFUDE。”

1941NIANDEDONGTIAN，CHENNADEDAIZHUMEIGUOKONGJUNZHIYUANJUNLAILE。ZHANSHIFANYIGONGZUODERENWULUOZAILEXUESHENGDESHENSHANG，XINANLIANDAWAIWENXISAN、SINIANJINANXUESHENGQUANBUYINGZHENGRUWU，CANJIALEGEGEFANGMIANDEFANYIGONGZUO。

ZHUMINGDEFANYIJIAXUYUANCHONGJIUCANJIALEZHIYUANKONGJUNDEFANYI，DUONIANHOUTAHUIDAOXINANLIANDAJINIANBEI，ZHIZHUDIYIPAIDEMINGDAN，YANHANLEIHUA，“QIANWUGEDOUSHIXISHENGDETONGXUE”。

< XINANLIANDAWUCAIZI ZUOQI：ZHUGUANGYA、XUYUANCHONG、YANGZHENNING、WANGCHUANLUN、WANGXIJI >

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那些消失不見的老北京服務行當兒老北京的服務行當兒有很多， 剃頭、绱鞋、修理雨傘、磨刀、鋦碗、箍漏鍋、焊洋鐵壺、修理竹門簾等。在過去，這些手藝人大多走街串巷，胡同里的叫賣聲連同“響器”發出的各種聲響不絕于耳。不過，隨著時間的推移，過去司空見慣的老行當兒，如今只能在記憶和文字里找尋。作為一位地道的“老北京”，孟繁強年復一年地寫下自己的記憶，講述著他經歷的歲月和變革。本期的京華物語，就來看看他筆下老北京的服務行當兒是什么樣的。以下內容選自《老北京故人舊事》，較原文有刪節，已獲得出版社授權刊發。《老北京故人舊事》，孟繁強著，清華大學出版社2014年12月版。原文作者丨..

夢里的時間和現實中的一樣快嗎？大多數人都經歷過這樣的窘境：當鬧鐘響起的時候，立刻按下暫停開關，縮回溫暖的被窩里繼續打盹，當我們再次醒來的時候，往往發現時間已經流逝，甚至因此錯過了早上去公司的班車，或是朋友間難得的聚會。唉，為什么時間從不歇歇腳，與我們一起打會盹呢？當我們悔恨交加的同時，也會回想剛剛睡著時做的夢。夢里的情景千奇百怪，有些與生活相關，有些是超現實，還有些純屬噩夢。有一個問題一直在那里，卻很少被人提起：夢里的時間和現實中的一樣快嗎？01現實五分鐘，夢境一小時夢境中的時間，遠比現實時間流逝得更慢。這是我在思考這個問題時的第一感覺。很多時候午后小憩半..

"我快沒時間了！""我沒空！"：我們的時間是如何加速的？通過查看鐘表、日歷或手機，我們知道了某一時刻的“時間”，并把它與事件、人物和地點建立聯系。這是人類自近代以來完成的統一時間、統一敘事。差別只在于時區不同，“當地時間”亦有所不同。古往今來，從神秘學說、哲學到現代物理學，每一種知識體系都先后在爭奪解釋時間。在今天尤其被普遍信任的是現代物理學的理解。它幾乎打碎了關于時間的一切堅固的觀點。時間的流逝并非“人人平等”、并非只有一個方向，更不存在唯一一個時間，而當刻度無限細化，時間中的“現在”甚至完全不存在。時間的統一是現代理性化的產物。這一過程不只是被現代物理學解構，更重要的是，它始..